The Impact of Intellectual Capital
on Organizational Effectiveness:
A Comparative Study
of Public and Private Sectors in India
--Tannu Verma and Santosh Dhar
Due to significant global market opportunities and challenges, organizations are seeking to become strategy-focused, encouraging the management researchers globally to study strategically progressive and fruitful management practices that could maximize overall organizational effectiveness. Intellectual capital is widely considered as a dynamic value concept which positively affects the organizational performance (Bontis, 1998). Since organizational effectiveness is considered as a wholesome and a comprehensive measure to gauge organizational performance (Lee and Choi, 2003), this study attempts to explore the impact of intellectual capital and its components on organizational effectiveness of public and private sectors in India. Collective sample response of 420 respondents, from both the sectors, was collected through standardized questionnaires and subjected to regression analysis through SPSS v20. The findings reveal that the impact of intellectual capital on organizational effectiveness is higher in public sector organizations than in private sector organizations. Human capital and structural capital, and not customer capital, impact the organizational effectiveness in public sector organizations, whereas all the three components of intellectual capital impact organizational effectiveness in private sector organizations.
Intellectual Property Rights:
A Legal and Economic Investigation
--Georgios I Zekos
The legal system induces the economic system, and legal norms have to be assessed in ways that lead to the most competent outcome. National competition laws can converge towards some common points and standards, and as a consequence, there is an effort for competition law enforcement to become extra-territorial over the years because there is a need to internationalize competition law. A constant development of the legal regulation and enforcement of IPRs means a need for continuous revision of an index (zekipr6/zekipr7/zekipr8/zekipr9, zekpat6, zekcopy6, zekmark6) regarding the protection of patents, copyrights, trademarks and in general IPRs. The analysis presented in this paper is focused on the investigation of the developments of law utilized to produce the indexes and the examination of the impact of IPRs’ protection as it is expressed by our indexes upon FDI.
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India
Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario
If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.
Indian Scenario
The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.
